Bad Debt Management: How to Prevent, Measure, and Recover Write-Offs

Grace Achieng
By Grace Achieng

Head of Finance Solutions

20263 min read
Bad Debt Management: How to Prevent, Measure, and Recover Write-Offs

TL;DR

Bad debt is money owed that you can no longer reasonably collect. Bad debt management means preventing it with credit limits and checks, measuring it so you know your risk, and recovering what's possible before writing anything off.

What counts as bad debt

An invoice becomes bad debt when collection is no longer worth the effort or the customer can't pay. For accounting, it's a write-off; for operations, it's the price of selling on credit without control.

Prevent bad debt before the sale

The cheapest bad debt is the one that never happens. Set credit limits per customer, check a new customer's history before offering large credit, and review limits as balances grow.

  • Set and enforce credit limits per customer.
  • Check new customers before extending credit.
  • Review aging weekly to catch slippage early.
  • Hold further deliveries when accounts are seriously overdue.

Measure your bad debt risk

Track the ratio of 90+ day receivables to total receivables. When the ratio climbs, your credit policy is leaking. A formal measure turns 'collections are bad' into a number you can fix.

Recover before you write off

Recovery is a ladder: automated reminders, a personal call, a payment plan, and finally a formal demand. Writing off early leaves money on the table; chasing forever wastes time. Most SMEs write off at 90-120 days after exhausting the ladder.

Frequently asked questions

What is bad debt?

Money owed to your business that can no longer reasonably be collected and is written off as a loss.

How do I prevent bad debt?

Set credit limits, vet new customers before extending credit, review aging weekly, and hold deliveries on seriously overdue accounts.

When should an invoice be written off?

Usually after 90-120 days and after exhausting reminders, calls, and a payment plan.

What is the bad debt ratio?

The share of receivables past 90 days — a rising ratio means your credit policy is leaking.

Can software reduce bad debt?

Yes. Credit limits, aging reports, and automated follow-up in Retten Work catch slippage before it becomes a write-off.