Purchase Order vs Invoice: Key Differences and Why Both Matter

Grace Achieng
By Grace Achieng

Head of Finance Solutions

20263 min read
Purchase Order vs Invoice: Key Differences and Why Both Matter

TL;DR

A purchase order (PO) is a document you send to a supplier to order goods at agreed prices. An invoice is a bill the supplier sends you after delivery. The PO proves what was agreed; the invoice records what is owed; matching them against the receipt prevents overpayment.

What is a purchase order?

A purchase order is issued by you (the buyer) to the supplier before goods arrive. It lists products, quantities, agreed prices, and delivery terms. A PO is a commitment: the supplier delivers against it and you pay against it.

What is an invoice?

An invoice is issued by the supplier after the goods or services are delivered. It tells you what is owed and the payment terms. The critical job is to check the invoice against the PO and the goods received — not to pay it on trust.

  • PO: issued by buyer, before delivery, sets the agreement.
  • Invoice: issued by supplier, after delivery, records the bill.
  • Receipt: evidence that goods actually arrived.

Why the PO process prevents overpayments

When an invoice arrives, you compare three documents: the PO (what you agreed), the receipt (what arrived), and the invoice (what you're billed). This is called three-way matching. Only when all three align do you approve payment.

Retten Work structures the whole flow: purchase orders are approved before sending, goods-in updates stock and creates receipts, and supplier invoices match against the PO and receipt.

What if the invoice doesn't match the PO?

Hold it. Compare quantities and prices line by line, then resolve the difference with the supplier. Paying an unmatched invoice means paying for goods you didn't order or at prices you didn't agree.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a purchase order and an invoice?

A purchase order is issued by the buyer to order goods at agreed prices. An invoice is issued by the supplier to bill for goods delivered.

Does a purchase order mean money has been paid?

No. A PO is a commitment to buy, not a payment. Payment happens against an approved invoice after goods are received.

What is 3-way matching?

Comparing the purchase order, goods-received note, and supplier invoice to ensure quantities and prices align before paying.

Can I pay an invoice without a purchase order?

You can, but it risks overpayment and hides spending. Route every purchase through a PO to keep procurement auditable.

Who issues a goods received note?

Your warehouse or procurement team, when goods arrive. Retten Work creates it automatically from the PO and updates stock.